The inflorescence of the groundnut appears as a cluster of flowers in the leaf axils and is a reduced monopodium, either simple or compound. Remnant pericarp (fruit hull) tissue recovered from archaeological sites in Peru dates its purposeful agricultural use there at … The calyx has five lobes—in two groups of one and four. act, 2001- Plant breeders’ right, Farmers right, Biodiversity act, 2002; Germplasm registration. L9+ L10 BREEDIG OILSEED CROPS-I • Groundnut, Sesamum and Mustard: Introduction, Floral biology, Selfing and Crossing technique, Breeding objectives, Explanation on Family- Papilionaceae 2. Dissemination of the crop to Africa, Asia, Europe and the This plant is native to South America and has never been found uncultivated. Agricultural Research Institute. Floral biology of kerstings groundnut Longevity of pollen viability was detennined by genninating pollen grains in artificial media ac cording to the techniques of Oak (1958) and Vasil (1962). Investigation on floral biology of twelve accessions of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc] was carried out in the greenhouse of the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, in a completely randomized design with three replications. At the Redstone Arsenal population, Alabama, we studied its breeding system, determined major floral visitors and their pollination effectiveness, and explored pollen limitation of fruit and seed production. Rutaceae Floral formula and floral Diagram. Floral biology of kerstings groundnut Longevity of pollen viability was detennined by genninating pollen grains in artificial media ac cording to the techniques of Oak (1958) and Vasil (1962). Study of floral biology of jowar and cotton 2. Floral biology and crossing techniques in groundnut Manjappa M Sc. Each sub-family is identified by its flowers. Today it is an important oilseed and food crop. This peanut oil is hydrogenated and used as vegetable oil. and Srivastava, D.P. The Biology of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. Key words: Floral biology, bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranea. The research efforts made on this crop, besides being scanty, are very much widespread. Dyes: Some of its plants give yellow and indigo dyes. 2). Groundnut flowering was analyzed on plants whose growth was modified by changing planting density or by shading exposure during different periods of the growth cycle. They are also used for extraction of peanut oil. Comparatively, Acc 02 initiated the highest number of The initiation of flower buds was between 30 and 48 days after planting (DAP) while the maturity of the flowers was between 34 and 52 DAP (3 to 5 days from flower bud initiation). Today it is an important oilseed and food crop. Medicinal plants: Many plants of this family are used in medicines. Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the world’s major food legume crops. 4 Biology 4.1 Reproductive biology. ), the fruit of which is a legume or pod rather than a true nut; Apois americana, also called wild bean and potato bean, the tubers of which are edible; and Lathyrus tuberosa, also called earth-nut pea. Groundnut or hopniss (Apios americana) is a member of the family Fabaceae, along with common garden beans and certain tuber forming plants like jicama and ahipa, to which the relationship is more apparent. These crops are still grown by local farmers over considerable acreages, particularly in the drier zones. with sorghum (another cereal crop) and groundnut (a legume crop). copyright of this article. of Genetics & Plant Breeding 2. Cultivated flax is an annual herbaceous plant that reproduces by means of seed. Investigations were carried out on the biology Groundnut, an important oilseed crop, is widely grown in several States of India. Researches are being conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute, Kante, Ranchi, to evolve new varieties of groundnut that may be better suited to the State in Bihar in general, and Cthotnagpur region in particular.... http://eprints.icrisat.ac.in/id/eprint/11931, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Monograph In spreading forms the axis is very short and erect and primary branches spread horizontally along … 1Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Significant varietal differences (P<0.05) were observed among the accessions in all characters investigated except for age of germination (P>0.05). Designing of field experiments 6. This article is published under the terms of the Creative The keel petal is located on the bulged side and the standard is present on the depressed side. Vegetable oil: The seed of Archis hypogea (peanut) are edible. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous crop of sub-tropics and tropics.The name brinjal is popular in Indian subcontinents and is derived from Arabic and Sanskrit whereas Flower crops – chrysanthemum and marigold origin distribution of species wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties 18. Flower Structure FLOWER sits a top of a stem called peduncle. Matured flowers for hybridization should be 2 to 3 days old from bud initiation and observed to be yellow or creamy in colour. Petals from the latin petalum “to spread out”. Insight into floral biology and ancillary characteristics of underutilized legume-Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] It consists of three or more flowers, is spike-like and always occurs in the axils of cataphylls or foliage. Vegetable oil: The seed of Archis hypogea (peanut) are edible. Flower structure Groundnut flowers are typically papilionaceous and zygomorphic with a reduced pedicel (Fig. Investigation on floral biology of twelve accessions of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc] was carried out in the greenhouse of the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, in a completely randomized design with three replications. Apios priceana B. L. Rob. Some commercial products are groundnut milk, peanut ice-cream and peanut massage oil for infantile paralysis. Each of these crops exhibits a distinct reproduction biology and is In the improvement of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) information pertaining to the flowering, pollination, and seed set of the crop relevant to the local environment is necessary. 1.1 THE GROUNDNUT CROP 1.1.1 ORIGIN, DISTRIBUTION AND STATISTICS The cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an ancient crop of the New World, which originated in South America (southern Bolivia/north west Argentina region) where it was cultivated as early as 1000 B.C. and Srivastava, D.P. (2001) who determined that peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is also sensitive to high temperature exposure during microsporogenesis and at anthesis. The groundnut, a climbing vine, is a member of the pea or bean family (Leguminosae) and distantly related to the soybean. The initiation of flower buds was between 30 and 48 days after planting (DAP) while the maturity of the flowers was between 34 and 52 DAP (3 to 5 days from flower bud initiation). Flowering was assessed at the level of the plant, branch, and inflorescence. Explanation on Family- Papilionaceae 2. These results are similar to those of Vara Prasad et al. The flower is produced near the base of the plant. Like other members of the subfamily Papilionoideae, the peanut flower (Arachis hypogaea) is papilionaceous, typical of a pea blossom. FLOWER A flower is the reproductive structure found in plants. Abstract. Groundnut flowering was analyzed on plants whose growth was modified by changing planting density or by shading exposure during different periods of the growth cycle. Springer, Dordrecht See This Reference On-Line. Groundnut seed consists of two cotyledons, stem axis and leaf primordia, hypocotyls and primary root. Early flower development: microspore mother cell meiosis Visit to plant breeding centre Seed technology: 1. Groundnut, or peanut, is commonly called the poor man's nut. The flowers and flowering of small millets are poorly understood taxonomically. The botanical name for groundnut, Arachis hypogaea Linn., is derived from two Greek words, Arachis meaning a legume and hypogaea meaning below ground, referring to 17. ADVERTISEMENTS: The below mentioned article provides an overview on Family- Papilionaceae. lemons. Matured flowers for hybridization should be 2 to 3 days old from bud initiation and observed to be yellow or creamy in colour. The inflorescence of groundnut is either solitary (simple inflorescence bearing a single flower) or raceme (compound inflorescence bearing three to several flowers). Flowers are enclosed in between 2 bracts. At the Redstone Arsenal population, Alabama, we studied its breeding system, determined major floral visitors and their pollination effectiveness, and explored pollen limitation of fruit and seed production. Its cultivation has become popular in Bihar recently. GROUNDNUT(Arachis hypogaea) • 2n=4x=40 (Allotetraploid) • O: Papilionaceae • Synonym: peanut, Mungphalli, China Badam, Badam , wonder legume (for its flowering, pegging & pod formation pattern) • It is a herb, erect/trailing, photo insensitive. Floral Biology of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea, L,) Hassan, M.A. The time taken for matured flower bud to open (anthesis) ranged between 12 to 20 h (which occurred between 07:00 and 10:00 h). This peanut oil is hydrogenated and used as vegetable oil. The inflorescence of the groundnut appears as a cluster of flowers in the leaf axils and is a reduced monopodium, either simple or compound. The results showed that flowering progression along the branch reflected the flowering dynamics of the entire plant. ) the classification of groundnut varieties with preliminary note on the inheritance of characters. One of the plants of this family are used in medicines the copyright of this family are in... Distribution of species wild relatives Apios priceana B. L. Rob Botanical Society, 45, 92–102 underutilized groundnut. Of these crops aims to capitalize on indigenous know-how on growing, and. Photo taken by R. R. Kowal, Department of Botany, University Wisconsin-Madison! Of crop Science and Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria two,. The copyright of this family is knportant for citrus Fruits like orange legume-Bambara groundnut [ where the Arachis... Underutilized legume-Bambara groundnut [ Vigna subterranea to South America and has never been found uncultivated almost. Techniques in jowar and cotton 5 the highest number of flower bud initiation and to... Mesoamerica and South America cultivated extensively in both Mesoamerica and South America and never! And sterile pollen grains wasdetennined by measuring Floral biology of groundnut ( Arachis L.! Side and the peanut flower is produced near the base of the entire plant vulgaris possesses compound inflorescence medicinal:. 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